Achievments

ACHIEVMENTS

a. Plant genetic patrimony

The new varieties of grasses and forage legumes created within the institute and in the coordinated research stations are highlighted by high biological characteristics, constituting at the same time a prestigious success of the activity in this field.
The main objectives for breeding grassland species, perennial grasses and forage legumes were: high fodder and seed production, well balanced over the all vegetation period, high fodder quality; high palatability and digestibility, high content in soluble carbohydrates and proteins, low content in cell wall constituents; suitability for various modes of use: meadow, pasture, silo, sward, mixed, ecological reconstruction; adaptability and high ecological plasticity; resistance to stress factors: diseases, pests, drought, frost, etc .; different degrees of precocity, for making of meadows; adequate competitiveness for making simple or complex grassland mixtures; high rate of symbiotic atmospheric N fixation.
The complex research carried out in our unit and in collaborating stations of profile SCDP Vaslui and SCDP Timisoara, allowed the accumulation of a scientific database and valuable biological material, which led to the creation of 27 varieties of grasses, of 9 species and 15 varieties of forage legumes, of 3 species, namely:

  • Grasses: Festuca pratensis-4; Festuca arundinacea-2; Festuca rubra-5; Dactylis glomerata-5; Lolium perenne-3; Poa pratensis-2; Phleum pratense-2; Bromus inermis-3; Phalaris arundinacea-1.

  •  Forage legumes: Trifolium repens-6; Lotus corniculatus-7; Onobrychis viciifolia-2.

In the last years particular attention to the genetic resources of grasses and perennial legumes of grassland has been paid, both for the realization of a functional collection based on the natural and induced genetic variability, as well as for the identification, collection, study and conservation of the sources of genes with useful adaptive variations.

b. Technical patrimony

b.1 Technologies and technological sequences for improving permanent grasslands, establishment of temporary grassland and seed production

Over 25 technologies have been developed for the improving permanent grasslands, especially by surface methods, with minimum input systems (low input system), for the establishment of reseeded grasslands in conditions of economic efficiency, promoting the development of a modern sustainable agriculture and obtaining products safely, high food quality, maintaining the quality of the soil and the environment, as well as new technologies, in order to obtain high fodder productions, of high quality and to restore the landscape quality.
New technologies for grassland improvement lead to a reduction in the consumption of chemical fertilizers, especially those with nitrogen, by promoting mixtures containing forage legumes, reducing specific fuel consumption by approx. 25%, operating several operations simultaneously; 25% reduction of the cost of the works; increase of 2.0 ... 2.5 times the production of fodder compared to the that one obtained on the unimproved grassland; increase of feed production by 15 ... 20%, under the conditions of increasing the degree of mechanization and reduction of labour force.

Some examples:
─ Standardization of see mixtures with perennial grasses and forage legumes for different ecological areas and modes of utilization;

─ Improved technology for establishing, maintaining and utilization of reseeded grasslands, in the context of a sustainable agriculture, for different stationary area conditions and use modes;

─ Technologies to improve the permanent grasslands by surface methods;

─ Improvement technology for grasslands degraded by invasive Nardus stricta species, by paddocking method;

─ Technology for establishing reseeded grasslands located on fields overgrown with woody vegetation;

─ Technology of seed production of perennial grasses and forage legumes;

─ Technology of mechanization of works destined to enhance the degraded pastures from juniper floor, invaded by hummocks;

─ Optimum technology of mechanization of works for improving the grasslands invaded by the Deschampsia caespitosa species ;

─ Mechanization Technologies with minimum inputs of maintenance and improvement of grasslands.

 

b.2 Experimental models, prototypes, execution projects

  EXPERIMENTAL MODELS
  1   Direct drilling machine for over sowing degraded grasslands, MSPD 2,5 type
  2   Equipment for metering solid additives in silage making, EDCON type
  3   Machine for sowing forage grassland plants, MSPFP 2,0 type
  4   Fertilizing equipment, EF 2,5 type
  5   Fertilizing equipment, EF 3,75 type
  6   Sprayer equipment in strips, EEB 2,5 type
  7   Sowing equipment, ESR 3,75 type
  8   Modernizedmachine for sowing forage grassland plants, MSPM 2,5 type
  9   Planer-grader for grassland, RGP 2,0 type
 10   Harrows with toothed fixed, GCF 4,0 type
   Prototypes
  1   Direct drilling machine for over sowing degraded grasslands, MSPD 2,5 type
   Manufacturing drawings
  1   Direct drilling machine for over sowing degraded grasslands, MSPD 2,5 type
  2   Machine for sowing forage grassland plants, MSPFP 2,0 type
  3   Modernized machine for sowing forage grassland plants, MSPM 2,5 type

 

 

   b.3 Patents
Nr.
Crt.		 Patent name Number
0 1 2
1 Direct drilling machine for oversowig the degraded grasslands, MSPD 2.5 type Brevet RO
104283/1994
2 Equipment for metering solid additives in silage making, EDCON Brevet RO
104047/1994
3 Pivoting drive mechanism Brevet RO
125884/2012
4 Turning device with pivoting wheel Brevet RO
125495/2015

c. Publications

The scientific papers written by the researchers of the institute are over 600, of which 150 scientific works published at conferences, symposiums, international congresses organized by different specialized forums such as: EGF-European Grassland Federation, FAO Meetings for mountain pastures, IAMFE-International Association on Mechanization of Field Experiments, RIMSA-Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture etc.
Over 30 books have been published, some of which are for the first time in the country, of which we mention:

TREATY OF ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF MOUNTAIN GRASSLAND HABITATS;

GUIDE FOR THE ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF FODDERS FROM MOUNTAIN PASTURES;

TECHNOLOGIES FOR MECHANIZATION WITH MINIMUM INPUTS OF THE WORKS OF GRASSLAND MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT;

MECHANIZATION OF GRASSLAND FARMING-Technologies, machines and equipment-

ZONAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS BY PROMOTING THE GRASSLAND MULTIFUNCTIONALITY;

PROACTIVE MEASURES FOR IMPROVING THE PASTORAL VALUE OF DEGRADED GRASSLANDS;

GUIDE FOR MAKING THE PASTORAL PLANNINGS;

PRODUCTION, CONDITIONING AND STORAGE OF SEEDS OF PERENIAL GRASSES AND FORAGE LEGUMES;

ELEMENTS OF GRADIENTICS AND MOUNTAIN ECOLOGY – II edition -, as well as 35 specialty brochures.

 

d. Extension of research results

 

THE GOAL: dissemination of the research results in the field of grassland cultivation and improving the information flow from scientific level to the farmer and providing the feed-back in order the researches meet the farmer demands.
ACTIVITIES:
─ presentation and demonstration of technologies for permanent and temporary grassland cultivation;
─ technical assistance to farmers in the field of forage production;
─ demonstrative lots with grasslands improved by re-seeding or over-seeding method;
─ theseed production of higher biological categories (pre-basic and basic) to perennial grasses and forage legumes for establishing seed lots;
─ editing and distribution to farmers of leaflets and brochures with the newly breedvarieties, as well as with the seed mixtures of grasses and forage legumes suitable for different modes of utilization;
─ working meetings with farmers who have recommended mixtures of grasses and forage legumes suitable for zones in which they operate, as well as some aspects of the technologies establishing, maintaining and exploiting the grasslands;
─ participation, together with MADR, in coordinating the technological measures and activities for achievement of the objectives included in the medium and long term Framework Program on the activities of improvement and utilization of grasslands, THE STRATEGY FOR RESEARCH – DEVELOPMENT – INNOVATION IN THE MEDIUM AND LONG TERM AGRO-FOOD AREA 2014-2020 / 2020 – 2030 and in the Law 86/14, as subsequently amended;
─ elaboration of a framework strategy for seeds production of Romanianof perennial grasses and forage legume varieties;
─ publishing over 800 extension articles in magazines: Ferma, Lumea Satului, Profitul Agricol, Mecanizarea Agriculturii, Zootehnie și Medicină Veterinară, Buletine de informare tehnică și economică-Ministerul Agriculturii, Revista AMSEM etc.
─ radio and TV shows on the Grassland Cultivation technology.